Press release No. 003 of 4 January 2022
Persons in employment resident in Germany, November 2021
+0.1% on the previous month (seasonally adjusted)
+0.1% on the previous month (not seasonally adjusted)
+0.8% on the same month a year earlier
WIESBADEN – Roughly 45.3 million persons resident in Germany (national concept) were in employment in November 2021 according to provisional calculations of the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis). After an average monthly increase of 50,000 people, or +0.1%, in the period from March to October 2021, the seasonally adjusted number of persons in employment rose by 37,000 (+0.1%) in November 2021 compared with the previous month. The number of persons in employment is still below the pre-crisis level. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the number of persons in employment in November 2021 was down by 0.7%, or 302,000, on February 2020, the month before the Covid-19 crisis began in Germany. In February 2021, the difference had been 739,000 persons or 1.6%.
Increase lower than the average for November of the pre-crisis years 2017 to 2019
Without seasonal adjustment, the number of persons in employment in November 2021 rose by 64,000 (+0.1%) on October 2021. This month-on-month increase was higher than the average recorded for November of the three pre-crisis years 2017 to 2019 (+91,000 people).
Largest year-on-year increase in employment since July 2019
Compared with November 2020, the number of persons in employment was up by 0.8%, or 378,000, in November 2021. This was the seventh month in a row for which a year-on-year increase was recorded. In February 2021, the year-on-year change rate had been -1.6%.
Until May 2021, this calculated positive year-on-year development was mainly due to the sharp fall in the number of persons in employment in the spring of 2020, when the measures taken to contain the Covid-19 pandemic started to have a strong impact on the labour market. Nevertheless, a marked upward trend has become evident since the summer of 2021, which goes beyond this base effect and continued in November. The last time employment increased even more noticeably year on year was in the pre-crisis month of July 2019, when it climbed by 0.9% (+390,000 people) compared with July 2018.
Please note that short-time workers are counted as persons in employment in accordance with the employment accounts and labour force survey concepts.
Adjusted unemployment rate at 3.2% in November 2021
According to calculations based on the labour force survey, 1.30 million people were unemployed in November 2021. That was a decline of 332,000 (-20.3%) compared with November 2020. The unemployment rate was 3.0% (November 2020: 3.8%).
Adjusted for seasonal and irregular effects due, for instance, to weather conditions or strike, the number of unemployed stood at 1.39 million, which was a minor decline on October 2021 (-12,600 people; -0.9%). The adjusted unemployment rate was 3.2% in November 2021.
Methodological note:
The differing comparative periods must be taken into account in all press releases on short-term indicators. Short-term economic monitoring focuses on comparisons with the previous month or previous quarter. These reflect short-term economic trends. A comparison with the previous year is intended to offer a long-term comparison of levels and is not subject to seasonal fluctuations. Due to temporarily strong decreases during the current Covid-19 crisis, the results of month-on-month/quarter-on-quarter and year-on-year comparisons may differ considerably. To enable a direct comparison with the pre-crisis level, all press releases on short-term indicators available in seasonally adjusted form will, for the time being, include a comparison with February 2020 or the fourth quarter of 2019.
When the number of persons in employment was first calculated for the reference month of November 2021, the monthly employment results published so far were also recalculated for the period from January 2021 in the context of estimating a first provisional result for the year 2021 (see press release 1/22 of 3 January 2022). Regarding the months of September and October, the recalculated year-on-year rates of change, at the level of the overall economy, are 0.1 percentage points higher than the previously calculated results. These were the only changes that resulted from the recalculation.
The number of persons in employment from the employment accounts differs from that of the labour force survey. The differences are mainly due to the different conceptual approaches (national or domestic concept) used in the two statistical systems. For more information on the reasons why the results of the labour force survey differ from those of the employment accounts please refer to the explanatory notes on the statistics.
Persons in employment and unemployed persons are counted according to the employment status concept of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Therefore, unemployment as shown here must not be confused with registered unemployment as published by the Federal Employment Agency in accordance with the German Social Code. In the European Statistical System, the results of the labour force survey are used as a standard basis for calculating unemployment rates.
The microcensus and the integrated labour force survey were redesigned both in technical and in methodological terms; the new approach was introduced at the beginning of 2020. For technical reasons, data collection involved restrictions for some time. Therefore, the results as from January 2020 were first determined by means of an estimation based on the results of the previous periods, considering current developments.
In accordance with the new European legal basis for the labour force survey, results of the redesigned survey were first published for May 2021. At the same time, the results of the period from January 2020 to April 2021 were revised on this basis. Due to the changes, the results from survey year 2020 are comparable with those compiled until 2019 only to a limited extent. As a result of changing over to redesigned data collection, the results at the current end of the series are still subject to uncertainties and must therefore be regarded as provisional.
| Year | Month | Original values | Seasonally adjusted 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| persons | change on previous month | change on the same month of the previous year | persons | change on previous month | ||
| millions | % | millions | % | |||
| 1 Results of employment accounts as part of national accounting: persons in employment whose place of residence is in Germany (national concept). The respective time series for persons in employment whose place of work is in Germany (domestic concept) are presented here. 2 Seasonal adjustment by X13-ARIMA method using JDemetra+. | ||||||
| 2019 | January | 44.761 | -0.7 | 1.1 | 44.990 | 0.1 |
| February | 44.825 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 45.034 | 0.1 | |
| March | 44.903 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 45.083 | 0.1 | |
| April | 45.039 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 45.130 | 0.1 | |
| May | 45.103 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 45.140 | 0.0 | |
| June | 45.088 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 45.129 | 0.0 | |
| July | 45.094 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 45.146 | 0.0 | |
| August | 45.082 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 45.133 | 0.0 | |
| September | 45.331 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 45.143 | 0.0 | |
| October | 45.427 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 45.163 | 0.0 | |
| November | 45.496 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 45.195 | 0.1 | |
| December | 45.358 | -0.3 | 0.7 | 45.215 | 0.0 | |
| 2020 | January | 45.049 | -0.7 | 0.6 | 45.267 | 0.1 |
| February | 45.091 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 45.295 | 0.1 | |
| March | 44.998 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 45.182 | -0.2 | |
| April | 44.729 | -0.6 | -0.7 | 44.827 | -0.8 | |
| May | 44.572 | -0.4 | -1.2 | 44.622 | -0.5 | |
| June | 44.567 | 0.0 | -1.2 | 44.619 | 0.0 | |
| July | 44.557 | 0.0 | -1.2 | 44.611 | 0.0 | |
| August | 44.587 | 0.1 | -1.1 | 44.642 | 0.1 | |
| September | 44.849 | 0.6 | -1.1 | 44.662 | 0.0 | |
| October | 44.942 | 0.2 | -1.1 | 44.672 | 0.0 | |
| November | 44.923 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 44.622 | -0.1 | |
| December | 44.773 | -0.3 | -1.3 | 44.625 | 0.0 | |
| 2021 | January | 44.368 | -0.9 | -1.5 | 44.577 | -0.1 |
| February | 44.362 | 0.0 | -1.6 | 44.556 | 0.0 | |
| March | 44.437 | 0.2 | -1.2 | 44.620 | 0.1 | |
| April | 44.529 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 44.633 | 0.0 | |
| May | 44.605 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 44.666 | 0.1 | |
| June | 44.715 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 44.773 | 0.2 | |
| July | 44.786 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 44.843 | 0.2 | |
| August | 44.828 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 44.884 | 0.1 | |
| September | 45.114 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 44.920 | 0.1 | |
| October | 45.237 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 44.956 | 0.1 | |
| November | 45.301 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 44.993 | 0.1 | |
| November 2021 3 | Previous month | Same month of the previous year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| October 2021 4 | Change | November 2020 | Change | ||
| 1 Persons in households aged 15 to 74 years. 2 There may be rounding discrepancies as results are shown in rounded form. 3 Results based on the labour force survey, provisional. 4 Results based on the labour force survey, revised and provisional. 5 Unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force (persons in employment and unemployed) aged 15 to 74 years. 6 Persons in employment as a percentage of all persons aged 15 to 74 years. 7 Trend cycle component (X-13-ARIMA method using JDemetra+; calculation by Eurostat). | |||||
| Original values | |||||
| millions | % | millions | % | ||
| Unemployed persons | 1.30 | 1.34 | -2.5 | 1.63 | -20.3 |
| Persons in employment | 42.05 | 42.21 | -0.4 | 41.88 | 0.4 |
| percentage shares | % | percentage shares | % | ||
| Unemployment rate 5 | 3.0 | 3.1 | -2.0 | 3.8 | -20.0 |
| Employment rate 6 | 67.9 | 68.2 | -0.4 | 67.6 | 0.5 |
| Adjusted results 7 | |||||
| millions | % | millions | % | ||
| Unemployed persons | 1.39 | 1.40 | -0.9 | 1.75 | -20.6 |
| Persons in employment | 41.60 | 41.60 | 0.0 | 41.41 | 0.5 |
| percentage shares | percentage points | percentage shares | percentage points | ||
| Unemployment rate 5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 4.1 | -0.8 |
| Men | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 4.4 | -0.9 |
| Women | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 3.6 | -0.7 |
| Persons aged under 25 years | 6.4 | 6.4 | 0.0 | 7.8 | -1.4 |
| Persons aged 25 to 74 years | 2.9 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 3.6 | -0.8 |
| Employment rate 6 | 67.2 | 67.2 | 0.0 | 66.8 | 0.4 |
Crisis Monitor enables comparison between coronavirus crisis and financial and economic crisis
The employment figures also form part of the Crisis Monitor (www.destatis.de/krisenmonitor), by means of which the Federal Statistical Office compares the development of major short-term indicators in the coronavirus crisis and in the financial and economic crisis of 2008/2009. The Crisis monitor complements the Corona statistics webpage (www.destatis.de/corona), which provides statistical information on the economic and social consequences of the coronavirus pandemic.
More information:
Detailed data and long time series are available from the GENESIS-Online database. Data on persons in employment from the employment accounts are available in tables 13321-0001 (months), 13321-0002 (quarters) and 81000-0011 (years). Data on persons in employment and unemployed persons from the labour force survey can be found in tables 13231-0001 to 13231-0003 (months).
