| Indicator | Unit | Year | Poland | Germany | EU-27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | - | 2025 | Warsaw | Berlin | - |
| Currency | - | 2025 | Polish złoty | Euro | - |
| Land area | km2 | 2024 | 307,236 | 353,260 | 4,101,431 |
| Economy and finance | |||||
| Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices | bn euros | 2023 | 749 | 4,186 | 17,194 |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices | per inhabitant PPS | 2023 | 29,458 | 44,246 | 38,132 |
| GDP growth rate | % | 2023 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 0.4 |
| Inflation rate | % | 2024 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| General government deficit/surplus | % of GDP | 2023 | -5.3 | -2.6 | -3.5 |
| General government gross debt | % of GDP | 2023 | 49.7 | 62.9 | 80.8 |
| Demography | |||||
| Population | 1,000 | 2024 | 36,621 | 83,445 | 449,207 |
| Population projections | 1,000 | 2100 | 27,655 | 83,202 | 416,074 |
| Total fertility rate | children per woman | 2022 | 1.29 | 1.46 | 1.46 |
| Life expectancy at birth (female) | years | 2023 | 82.4 | - | 84.2 |
| Life expectancy at birth (male) | years | 2023 | 74.8 | - | 78.9 |
| Labour market | |||||
| Employment rate (age 20 to 64) | % | 2023 | 77.9 | 81.1 | 75.3 |
| Employment rate (age 55 to 64) | % | 2023 | 58.1 | 74.6 | 63.9 |
| Unemployment rate (age 20 to 64) | % of active population | 2023 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 5.8 |
| Unemployment rate (age 15 to 24) | % of active population | 2023 | 11.4 | 5.9 | 14.5 |
| Education | |||||
| Pupils per teacher (secondary level) | number | 2022 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 11.2 |
| Early leavers from education (aged 18-24) | % | 2023 | 3.7 | 12.8 | 9.5 |
| Tertiary educational attainment, aged 30-34 (female) | % | 2023 | 59.6 | 42.3 | 49.4 |
| Tertiary educational attainment, aged 30-34 (male) | % | 2023 | 39.4 | 39.8 | 38.5 |
| Public expenditure for education | % of GDP | 2021 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.9 |
| Public expenditure for R&D | % of GDP | 2023 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.2 |
| Health | |||||
| Hospital beds | per 100,000 inhabitants | 2022 | 629.5 | 766.3 | 516.3 |
| Deaths due to cancer | per 100,000 inhabitants | 2021 | 259.9 | 235.7 | 235.3 |
| Healthy life years, age 65 (female) | expected years | 2022 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.2 |
| Healthy life years, age 65 (male) | expected years | 2022 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.9 |
| Social issues, living conditions | |||||
| People at risk of poverty or social exclusion | persons in mn | 2023 | 6.0 | 17.9 | 94.6 |
| At-risk-of-poverty rate | % of population | 2023 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 16.2 |
| Overburding by housing cost | % of population | 2023 | 5.9 | 13.0 | 8.8 |
| Inability to face unexpected financial expenses | % of households | 2023 | 25.7 | 35.0 | 31.2 |
| Industry, trade and service | |||||
| Industry | % of GDP | 2023 | 26.2 | 24.0 | 20.1 |
| Manufacturing: production index | % change on previous year | 2024 | 0.3 | -4.8 | - |
| Retail trade: turnover (deflated) | % change on previous year | 2024 | -0.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
| Building permits | % change on previous year | 2023 | -19.4 | -31.1 | -19.5 |
| Agriculture, forestry and fisheries | |||||
| Agriculture, forestry and fisheries | % of GDP | 2023 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
| Area under organic farming | % of UAA | 2022 | 3.9 | 9.8 | - |
| Roundwood production | 1,000 m³ | 2023 | 42,785 | 73,105 | 477,581 |
| Fishing | tonnes | 2023 | 127,620 | 147,222 | - |
| Foreign trade | |||||
| Exports | mn euros | 2023 | 352,925.7 | 1,574,602.1 | 2,557,028.4 |
| Imports | mn euros | 2023 | 342,302.4 | 1,356,607.1 | 2,522,568.3 |
| Foreign trade balance | mn euros | 2023 | 10,623.4 | 217,995.1 | 34,460.1 |
| Transport | |||||
| Air transport passengers | mn | 2023 | 50.2 | 185.3 | 973.0 |
| Passenger transport | % passenger cars | 2022 | 82.7 | 84.7 | 83.4 |
| Passenger transport | % trains | 2022 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 8.0 |
| Freight transport | % railways | 2022 | 23.2 | 19.8 | 17.1 |
| Environment and energy | |||||
| Greenhouse gas emissions | tonnes of CO2 equivalent per capita | 2022 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 7.8 |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Index (1990=100) | 2022 | 80.5 | 61.6 | 70.8 |
| Energy dependency rate | % in gross domestic consumption | 2023 | 48.0 | 66.4 | 58.3 |
| Renewable energy | % share in gross final energy consumption | 2023 | 16.6 | 21.5 | 24.6 |
| Science and technology | |||||
| Gross domestic expenditure on R&D | % of GDP | 2023 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.2 |
| Share of women researchers | % of total researchers | 2022 | 35.8 | - | - |
| Internet use | % of persons (aged 16 to 74) | 2024 | 88.6 | 93.5 | 92.8 |
| Broadband access | % of households | 2023 | 86.9 | 96.1 | 93.3 |
. = Numerical value unknown of confidential. Source: Eurostat |
As at 13 February 2025