Europe Stuttgart, Brunswick and Tübingen are the top 3 EU regions

Research and development expenditure 2021
RankRegionCountryin % of GDP
Source: Eurostat Database 09.10.2023. No regional data for Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands.
1StuttgartGermany6.8
2BraunschweigGermany6.1
3TübingenGermany5.5
4KarlsruheGermany5.4
5VästsverigeSweden5.3
6SteiermarkÖsterreich5.2
DresdenGermany4.6
8OberbayernGermany4.5
9Midi-PyrénéesFrance4.4
10Rheinhessen-PfalzGermany4.2
more German regions
13MittelfrankenGermany3.7
17DarmstadtGermany3.4
18BerlinGermany3.4
19KölnGermany3.3
21BremenGermany3.2
23FreiburgGermany3.1
24UnterfrankenGermany3.0
31ThüringenGermany2.8
34OberpfalzGermany2.7
35GießenGermany2.7
39HannoverGermany2.5
43OberfrankenGermany2.5
47HamburgGermany2.2