| Country | Pupils per teacher - secondary level1 | Early leavers from education (aged 18-24)2 | Tertiary educational attainment, age group 30-343 | Public expenditure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| female | male | Education | Research and development (R&D) | |||
| number | % | % of GDP | ||||
| 2023 | 2024 | 2021 | 2023 | |||
| Germany | 12.0 | 12.4 | 44.8 | 41.4 | 5.0 | 3.1 |
| Austria | 9.8 | 8.1 | 50.5 | 38.3 | 5.4 | 3.3 |
| Belgium | 8.9 | 7.0 | 56.3 | 45.5 | 6.3 | 3.3 |
| Bulgaria | 12.7 | 8.2 | 49.1 | 30.8 | 4.7 | 0.8 |
| Croatia | 7.7 | 2.0 | 52.3 | 30.0 | 3.5 | 1.4 |
| Cyprus | 8.2 | 11.3 | 72.9 | 55.6 | 5.2 | 0.7 |
| Czechia | 10.9 | 5.4 | 43.4 | 27.5 | 4.6 | 1.8 |
| Denmark | 12.8 | 10.4 | 62.8 | 47.5 | 6.4 | 3.0 |
| Estonia | 16.0 | 11.0 | 56.9 | 34.7 | - | 1.8 |
| Finland | 17.4 | 9.6 | 50.1 | 36.3 | 6.2 | 3.1 |
| France | 11.4 | 7.7 | 56.0 | 48.8 | 5.4 | 2.2 |
| Greece | 9.3 | 3.0 | 50.8 | 38.3 | - | 1.5 |
| Hungary | 10.8 | 10.3 | 40.7 | 27.8 | 4.2 | 1.4 |
| Ireland | 12.6 | 2.8 | 71.3 | 61.3 | - | 1.6 |
| Italy | 10.6 | 9.8 | 37.9 | 23.8 | 4.2 | 1.3 |
| Latvia | 13.0 | 7.9 | 56.8 | 32.3 | 4.4 | 0.8 |
| Lithuania | 10.5 | 8.4 | 70.8 | 52.8 | 4.1 | 1.1 |
| Luxembourg | 8.4 | 7.8 | 70.3 | 62.4 | 3.7 | 1.0 |
| Malta | 7.3 | 9.6 | 53.1 | 40.6 | 4.9 | 0.6 |
| Netherlands | 16.5 | 7.0 | 59.3 | 50.4 | 5.5 | 2.2 |
| Poland | 11.7 | 4.1 | 57.3 | 39.3 | 4.7 | 1.6 |
| Portugal | 8.8 | 6.6 | 49.8 | 34.1 | 4.8 | 1.7 |
| Romania | 13.1 | 16.8 | 27.1 | 20.3 | 2.9 | 0.5 |
| Slovakia | 13.5 | 7.5 | 46.7 | 26.5 | 4.8 | 1.0 |
| Slovenia | 16.5 | 5.0 | 57.6 | 31.0 | 5.0 | 2.1 |
| Spain | 10.0 | 13.0 | 56.6 | 46.8 | 4.7 | 1.5 |
| Sweden | 13.1 | 7.2 | 65.7 | 50.6 | 7.0 | 3.6 |
| EU-27 | 11.3 | 9.3 | 50.3 | 39.5 | 4.9 | 2.2 |
1 Partly differing definition. 2 Early leavers from education are all persons aged 18-24 years with at most school graduation lower secondary level, currently no further education or training. 3 Persons with an university degree on International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) level 5 to 8. - = No figures or magnitude zero. |
As at 06 May 2025