Educational finance, Promotion of education and training Budget for education, research and science

Budget for education, research and science, euros and percent of GDP
data area		Expenditure¹
		2022	2023	2022	2023
		EUR billion		% of GDP
1: Final funds calculation with service provider approach demarcation according to the concept of 2015, for 2023 provisional values. 2: Adjusted for expenditure on research and development at universities which is included in A and C. Deviations in sums may occur due to rounding of subtotals.
A	Education expenditure in international demarcation	242,7	255,8	6,3	6,1
B	Additional education expenditure in national demarcation	24,7	27,0	0,6	0,6
A + B	Education budget total	267,5	282,8	6,9	6,8
C	Research and development	121,4	129,7	3,1	3,1
D	Other education and science infrastructure	6,8	7,9	0,2	0,2
A + B + C + D	Budget for education, research and science²	373,7	398,0	9,6	9,5

As at 03 June 2025

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