| Reference year | Government sector and private non-profit institutions | Higher education sector1, 2 | Business enterprise sector2 | Total2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1: Change in methodology from 2016 onwards. 2: 2023 estimate. Source: Federal Statistical Office, Wiesbaden; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, Essen. | ||||
| 2013 | 11,862 | 14,302 | 53,566 | 79,729 |
| 2014 | 12,320 | 14,931 | 56,996 | 84,247 |
| 2015 | 12,486 | 15,344 | 60,952 | 88,782 |
| 2016 | 12,721 | 16,627 | 62,826 | 92,174 |
| 2017 | 13,484 | 17,282 | 68,787 | 99,554 |
| 2018 | 14,168 | 18,400 | 72,101 | 104,669 |
| 2019 | 15,022 | 19,173 | 75,830 | 110,025 |
| 2020 | 15,589 | 19,962 | 71,032 | 106,583 |
| 2021 | 16,761 | 20,661 | 75,761 | 113,184 |
| 2022 | 17,605 | 22,007 | 81,809 | 121,421 |
| 2023 | 18,574 | 22,395 | 88,707 | 129,676 |
As at 07 March 2025